duplicate db from rman backup/duplicate复制数据库

源库需要开启归档，不需要备份，不会影响源库（当然，一点点clone性能除外）

和 from active database 不同，target可以处于关闭状态，channel使用的是 auxiliary实例的，不能配置 parallelism ，好像速度更快额，因为from active database 是先backup copy 然后在switch ，其实原理和直接拷贝rman备份恢复一样，只不过rman备份恢复更加灵活，不一定要在一个文件夹，可以指定arch文件恢复，但步骤相对较多，而这个duplicate基于rman备份复制比较简单，也是基于rman备份，先把source库恢复起来，然后在重置db_name为SRM2，注意额，rman恢复后db_name是一样的SRM，这个duplicate是复制库，db_name是SRM2不一样的，^_^

环境信息

source db:

sid=SRM
db_name = SRM
db_file_path = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/SRM/
sys_pwd = oracle
oracle_version = Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
服务器资源 = 4核4G内存40G磁盘
OS = CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

###操作步骤
####1. 启动auxiliary instance

1）. 新建静态listener – 注意 sid 区分大小写，一定要和ORACLE_SID一样

lsnrctl stop
vim listener.ora
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=SRM)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME=SRM))
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=SRM2)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME=SRM2))
  )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl status

2）增加tns

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SRM =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = SRM)
    )
  )
SRM2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = SRM2)
    )
  )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3）复制密码文件，或者新建

1	[oracle@yg-test dbs]$ cp orapwSRM orapwSRM2

*4）创建pfile并修改启动nomount, 注意: 如果自己创建pfile要加上：.compatible=’11.2.0.4.0’**

1	SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/dup_pfile.ora' from spfile;

5）修改dup_pfile.ora中的：

1
2
3

*.db_name='SRM2'
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/SRM2/adump'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SRM2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SRM2/control02.ctl'

6）添加参数

1 2	db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SRM','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SRM2' log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SRM','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SRM2'

7）新建dup库的新文件夹：

1 2	mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/SRM2/adump /u01/app/oracle/oradata/SRM2

####2. 准备备份
**1）在源库操作备份

#注意： 源库SRM的数据、归档、控制文件都要在rman一个位置下面，rman下面只能有一个db备份，auxiliary要能访问这个rman目录
#新建备份文件夹 
[oracle@yg-test ~]$ mkdir rman
#备份db
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database format '/home/oracle/rman/db_%U';
#备份归档
RMAN> backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman/arch_%U';
#备份spfile
RMAN> backup spfile format '/home/oracle/rman/spfile_%U';
#备份控制文件
RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/rman/control_%U';

####3. 开始基于源库duplicate

1）修改环境变量ORACLE_SID: SRM –> SRM2

[oracle@yg-test ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
SRM
[oracle@yg-test ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shu immediate;
SQL> exit
[oracle@yg-test ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=SRM2
[oracle@yg-test ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
SRM2

2）以nomount模式启动：

1
2
3

[oracle@yg-test ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/dup_pfile.ora;
SQL> exit

3）检查实例进程

1 2	[oracle@yg-test ~]$ ps -ef \|grep smon # 只有auxiliary实例在运行 oracle 46994 1 0 07:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_SMR2

4）检查远程sys登录 – 注意都必须是： EXCLUSIVE

[oracle@yg-test ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> set line 140
SQL> show parameter remote_login_passwordfile

NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile            string                            EXCLUSIVE

5）测试 aux db 的sys远程登录,都要正常登录，不能为idle状态

1 2	sqlplus sys/oracle@srm2 as sysdba

6）rman登录auxiliary库 # 注意区别，这里直接使用备份，没有登录target库

1 2	[oracle@yg-test ~]$ rman auxiliary sys/oracle@srm2 connected to auxiliary database: SRM (not mounted) -- 注意以后nomount启动，rman连上为 not mounted

7）开始复制 – 注意: 如果ctronl_file已经拷贝，由于其他原因再次拷贝，请先备份删除控制文件

1	RMAN> duplicate database to SRM2 backup location '/home/oracle/rman' nofilenamecheck;

8）重建spfile

SQL> shu immediate;
SQL>  create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/dup_pfile.ora';
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string                            /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
                                                                       /dbhome_1/dbs/spfileSRM2.ora

9）校验 –查到之前数据，成功

SQL> select * from reco;
        ID
----------
         1